Papain
Protein-digesting enzyme from papaya that dissolves the 'glue' between dead skin cells — a gentler exfoliant than most acids.
What it does
Papain is a cysteine protease enzyme extracted from Carica papaya. In cosmetics it acts as an enzymatic exfoliant: instead of dissolving intercellular adhesion with acids (as AHAs and BHAs do) or mechanical scrubbing, papain selectively breaks down the keratin protein linkages holding dead corneocytes together, allowing them to shed more easily. In vitro studies confirm its proteolytic activity on skin protein substrates. The exfoliation is gentler than high-concentration chemical acids, making it an option for skin too reactive for AHAs. Enzyme activity depends heavily on formulation — papain requires an appropriate pH range and is sensitive to heat and poor packaging. Latex-allergic individuals should exercise caution as cross-reactivity with papain has been reported, though it is uncommon.
Also known as
papaya enzyme, carica papaya enzyme, papaya extract enzyme