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Hydroquinone

HydroquinoneActive

A strong dark-spot fader for melasma and marks left by acne. It’s used in set courses, on a schedule your prescriber sets.

What it does

It blocks the main enzyme skin uses to make pigment. It’s used in courses because long, nonstop use can darken treated skin that sees sun. A course runs up to 3 months, with several months off before a restart; your prescriber sets yours.

The EU’s ingredient database lists it as an antioxidant (slows reactions with oxygen, like going rancid).European Commission, CosIng (© European Union, CC BY 4.0) · uses put in plain words by Drop ↗

The evidence, graded

expert consensusUse sunscreen every day with hydroquinone — every source Drop has read says so. UV-B, UV-A and visible light stimulate melanocytes, and repigmentation may occur following sun exposure, so concurrent use of sunscreen is required and photoprotection is a key to maximizing the benefit of hydroquinone use. The review adds that there are no clinical trials to support its therapeutic benefit. Neither clinical source names an SPF number — the 30+ floor is the AAD's melasma guidance.Schwartz 2026 · StatPearls [Internet] ↗
expert consensusHydroquinone is absorbed through skin at 35–45% — much higher than most topicals. Pregnancy and breastfeeding guidance is to avoid it, even though existing studies have not shown harm.Bozzo 2011 · Canadian Family Physician ↗
expert consensusHydroquinone is described as the gold standard for melasma, used at 2–4%, and works better in combination than alone. Improvement typically takes several weeks to months. The monograph puts a course at up to 3 months, with a stop if nothing has improved by 2 to 3 months, then several months off. Exogenous ochronosis is the debated risk: one review counted 22 US cases in over 50 years, across more than 10,000 supervised exposures. Daily sunscreen is part of the treatment.Sarkar 2014 · Indian Dermatology Online Journal ↗

Graded per the methodology: strong · moderate · emerging · expert consensus. A weak source on a strong claim gets the weaker label.

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